Folic acid (or vitamin B9) plays a key role in the normal functioning of the body, especially during the period of active cell division.
It is essential for DNA synthesis and cell division, making it especially important during pregnancy.
Recent studies emphasize the importance of folic acid in the prevention of birth defects, especially neurodevelopmental malformations such as spinal clefting and anencephaly.
This article aims to clarify the role of folic acid in reproductive health and its importance in the prevention of disease in newborns.
The role of folic acid in reproductive health
Folic acid is actively involved in the process of forming new cells, which is important not only for the general health of the body, but also for the proper development of the fetus.
Vitamin B9 promotes normal cell growth and maturation, and its deficiency can lead to developmental abnormalities such as preterm labor, pregnancy failure, and fertility problems.
Research:
- Czeizel AE, Dudas I. Prevention of the first occurrence of neural-tube defects by periconceptional vitamin supplementation. Lancet. 1992;340(8812):81-83.
- Berry RJ, Li Z, Erickson JD, et al. Prevention of neural-tube defects with folic acid in China. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(20):1485-1490.
Prevention of birth defects
Folic acid taken before and during the first weeks of pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of birth defects, especially those related to the development of the neural tube.
The importance of its intake during conception and early pregnancy has been proven in a number of clinical studies.
Table 1: Recommended folic acid doses according to health status
| Health status | Folic acid dose |
|---|---|
| Pregnancy planning | 400-800 mcg/day |
| Pregnancy | 600-1000 mcg/day |
| Folate deficiency | 5000 mcg/day (as prescribed by a physician) |
How does folic acid affect a baby’s development?
Folic acid not only supports neural tube development, but also promotes proper fetal cell division.
It also improves brain development and promotes normal vascular system function.
Research:
- Hemminki E, Lehtonen L, Salonen L, et al. Folic acid supplementation and its effect on maternal and child health. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;104(4):787-791.
- De Wals P, Tairou F, Van Allen MI, et al. Reduction in neural-tube defects after folic acid fortification in Canada. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(2):135-142.
Practical recommendations for folic acid intake
Health professionals recommend that women who plan to become pregnant start taking folic acid several months before conception to maximize its protective effects.
It is important to remember that folic acid is absorbed best when combined with other B vitamins.
Table 2: Sources of folic acid in food
| Product | Amount of folate (µg/100 g) |
|---|---|
| Leafy green vegetables | 150-250 mcg |
| Whole-grain bread | 50-100 mcg |
| Legumes (peas, lentils) | 100-150 mcg |
| Citrus fruits | 30-50 mcg |
Conclusion
Folic acid is not just a vitamin, but a vital substance for maintaining women’s health and preventing malformations in children.
Taking folic acid in recommended doses during pregnancy planning and early pregnancy can significantly reduce the risk of diseases such as spinal cleft and anencephaly.
Reference List:
- Czeizel AE, Dudas I. Prevention of the first occurrence of neural-tube defects by periconceptional vitamin supplementation. Lancet. 1992;340(8812):81-83.
- Berry RJ, Li Z, Erickson JD, et al. Prevention of neural-tube defects with folic acid in China. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(20):1485-1490.
- Hemminki E, Lehtonen L, Salonen L, et al. Folic acid supplementation and its effect on maternal and child health. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;104(4):787-791.
- De Wals P, Tairou F, Van Allen MI, et al. Reduction in neural-tube defects after folic acid fortification in Canada. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(2):135-142.
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