Next-Generation postbiotics: metabolites, signal peptides and short-chain fatty acids
We are used to talking about probiotics (live bacteria) and prebiotics (their “food”). But modern science has taken the next step — postbiotics. These are ready-made bioactive substances produced by bacteria during fermentation: short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), signaling peptides, enzymes, cell fragments, and neurotransmitter metabolites. Unlike probiotics, postbiotics do not require bacterial survival in the […]
